ࡱ> []Z |bjbj̚̚ *< +@@@@@'''d+f+f+f+f+f+f+,,/d+'|'''+w@@k+www'"@@d+w'd+wwx)f6,+<]EI.*P++0+*/w/(,+w,+$'''++w'''+/''''''''' :   IB Biology Name ______________________________ Detecting Organic Molecules Period _____ Date ___________________ Introduction: You have already used the chemical tests for starch and monosaccharides in the Osmosis and Diffusion through a Semi-permeable Membrane lab using dialysis tubing to represent a cell membrane. Today you will use two additional chemical tests for protein (Biurets Test) and fat (Sudan IV Test). Focused Question: Which organic molecules are present in the food tested? Directions: Test the food for the presence of starch, monosaccharides, proteins, and fat. Test results are only valid if the molecule is available to the testing chemical. In most cases it is useful to macerate the food substances in an appropriate solvent, like water. Heating is also sometimes necessary. Your teacher has used these methods to prepare the sample: a happy meal consisting of a bun, meat and condiments, and French fries. Before you begin, you should design a data table to include both raw data and interpreted data. Some things to consider before you begin: What is the raw data in this lab? What is the interpreted data? How many trials (repetitions) of each test should you do? What value do you gain by consulting on interpretation of the raw data? How can your group maximize your efficiency in collecting raw data without sacrificing accuracy? Should you summarize the repetitions? Assignment: Collect data during the lab activity including raw data, its interpretation (+ or -), and observations. Write a conclusion in which you answer the Focused Question (see above). Include data to justify your conclusions. Discuss carefully; what cannot be concluded because of the limitations of these procedures? Write an evaluation in which you discuss the following: what went well? How reliable was your data? Are there some results that you trust more than others? How could your results be made more reliable? Finally, recommend modifications to the procedure to improve your results. Title: Biological MoleculePost Test ColorInterpretation of TestObservationsTrial 1Trial 2Trial 3      CHEMICAL TESTS FOR BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES   STARCH TEST If a substance that has been mixed with iodine turns purple or blue-black, then the starch was present. Procedure: Thoroughly mix the substance to be tested with water. Measure 5 ml of sample into a clean test tube. Add 2 drops of iodine to the measured sample. Shake the test tube. Observe and record the color. Evaluate these results in terms of the hypothesis. Since most starch is not soluble in water, try an alternative with real foods: Put a drop of iodine on a cut surface of the food sample. MONOSACCHRIDE TEST Benedicts Sugar Test If a substance turns yellow, orange, or red with the Benedicts Test, then simple sugar (monosaccharide) was present. Procedure: 1. Thoroughly mix the substance to be tested with water. Measure 5 ml of sample into a clean test tube. Add 5 drops of Benedicts Solution to the food sample. It should look slightly blue. Heat the sample in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes. Observe and record the color. Evaluate these results in terms of the hypothesis. PROTEIN TEST Biurets Test If a sample turns either purple or pink with the Biurets Test, then proteins are present. If it turns pink with Biurets Test, then polypeptides (short proteins) are present; if purple, then long proteins are present. Procedure: Thoroughly mix the substance to be tested with water. Measure 5 ml of sample into a clean test tube. Add 20 drops of Biuret Sample I (NaOH) to the measured sample. Shake the test tube vigorously. Add 5 drops of Biuret Solution II. Shake the test tube again. Observe and record the color. Evaluate these results in terms of the hypothesis. SUDAN IV TEST Fat Test If a sample turns bright pink with the Sudan IV test, then fats are present. Procedure: Thoroughly mix the substance to be tested with water. Measure 5 ml of sample into a clean test tube. Add 5 drops of Sudan IV solution. Shake the test tube. Observe and record the color. 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