ࡱ> \^[ bjbj,, >NN t#2o" :#<#<#<#<#<#<#$k'f<#<#Q#:#:#rN TN!OuTQ N!g#0# ''N!N! :   IB Biology Name __________________________________ Should Los Peasquitos Lagoon be Dredged? Period _____ Date _______________________ Just as humans need oxygen in the air to obtain needed energy through cellular respiration, aquatic animals need dissolved oxygen in order to survive. The more dissolved oxygen available, the more animals and plants can survive and be productive. In a typical estuary, dissolved oxygen levels fluctuate depending on the tide, temperature, and season. Estuary life has adapted to these conditions. However, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels below 2 mg/L cause hypoxia and many species of fish and invertebrates die due to lack of oxygen. Because estuaries play a key role in our coastal environment providing food for migratory birds, a safe area for fish nurseries, a buffer zone for coastal flooding during storms, and decomposition of river wastes, it is important to monitor the health of these increasingly rare habitats. Development near Los Peasquitos Lagoon has compromised this regions ability to stay open to ocean tides that flush the area and stabilize pH, salinity, and DO. Due to sedimentation blockages, the water of the lagoon can become stagnant and DO levels can drop to dangerously low levels. In this lab exercise you will obtain data to analyze using Microsoft Excel. By determining the average DO levels, you will make the critical decision whether to dredge the lagoon to open the mouth to the Pacific Ocean and save this estuarine ecosystem. You will also generate a graph of the average dissolved oxygen trends to support your conclusion. Learning Objectives Learn how to obtain data using Microsoft Excel. Learn how to calculate averages and standard deviations and make a data table using Microsoft Excel. Be able to use graphs to interpret DO trends. Determine whether Los Peasquitos Lagoon should be dredged. A few words about graphing: The manipulated variable is usually a scale that measures the progress of an experiment and is plotted as the x-axis. The responding variable, the parameter that is being measured, is plotted on the y-axis. Both axes are labeled clearly, include units and are represented on an appropriate numerical scale. Include a descriptive title. A title should give clear information that allows the graph to be understandable apart from the rest of the report. Choose a type of graph that best represents the data (line, scatter, bar, etc.). Include an annotation under the graph briefly describing the findings and explaining what the error bars in your graph represent. Assignment Average the daily oxygen (30 minute time points/day) measured for Los Peasquitos Lagoon for two weeks in January 2003. Obtain the starting date from your teacher. Graph daily average DO levels using an appropriate graph type. Add standard deviations as error bars for your graph. Determine whether the lagoon is healthy and should be dredged. Write a short proposal to the TJ estuary summarizing your findings. Use your graph to support your conclusions. If you determine the lagoon should not be dredged, predict when it might need to be if current trends continue. Data Acquisition 1. Using an internet provider open the web site:  HYPERLINK "http://www.perl.sdsu.edu/reports.html" http://www.perl.sdsu.edu/reports.html OR go to our class website and open the excel file containing the lagoon data. 2. Download lp12003 january14-february 26 and save on desktop (can use the prompt) lpdata.cvs (Download by right clicking mouse and hit download file or hold the click down on the mouse and use pull down menu to choose download options. 3. Open Excel and open saved file. It should come up as a spreadsheet with the following data: ABCDEFG1.DateTimeTempSalinityDO ConcDepthpH2.M/D/Yhh:mm:ssCpptmg/Lm3.1/14/0311:00:0015.5731.176.6716.597.8 *If the date or time looks odd, expand the cell width. Graphing with Excel 1. What you now have is a spreadsheet. Each cell has its own address specified by its column and its row number (i.e. A8). Explore the tabs above the spreadsheet to make your calculations. Another method (see below) entails entering in a formula. You can either type in the desired cell (A2:A6) or you can highlight the group of cells using your mouse. This will make a nice summary table to graph. IJKdateDO averageStandard dev1/14/03=average(E3:E27)=stdev(E3:E27)1/15/03=average(E28:E76)=stdev(E28:E76)1/16/035.9331250.64862918 2. Highlight just the summary table columns for date and average DO, including labels. To graph the highlighted cells, select the graphing tab on the top margin of the computer. Select the appropriate type of graph (bar, line, scatter) and follow the directions of the chart wizard. You can click on various parts of the graph to make changes, such as making the graph bigger or smaller, change the scale, change the color scheme, and add error bars. 3. To make error bars using your standard deviation, choose error bars tab, more error bars options, custom, specify value. Now delete the text in the highlighted box, go to your excel file and highlight the standard deviations (no label), copy into the positive error bar value box. Repeat for the negative error bar value box. 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