ࡱ> CEB bjbj̚̚ .6 dAb\\\\\\\\,Up\\\\\\\\\\\pr0A \\\\\\A\\\\\\\\\ :    Measuring Human Metabolism PURPOSE: To understand measurement of energy expenditure in the body. Metabolism is the total energy budget of a body. Metabolism includes the reactions that produce ATP for all types of cell work. Cell work includes movement, active transport, and synthesis. Producing ATP is the catabolic half of metabolism and synthesis of new complex molecules is the anabolic half of metabolism. Since the energy for anabolism comes from ATP, we measure metabolism by the amount of ATP being generated. ATP is generated by cell respiration which can occur in two phases: anaerobic cell respiration and aerobic cell respiration (done by mitochondria). The production of ATP is often referred to as the burning of food. The amount of energy that can be retrieved from the food is measured in Calories (Kilocalories) in this country. But other parts of the world measure it in Joules (calories x specific heat of water). When cell respiration occurs food is used as well as oxygen if the reaction is aerobic. Carbon dioxide is released if the reaction is aerobic along with heat and water. Since water is recycled, it is very difficult to measure. However, it is fairly easy to measure oxygen intake or carbon dioxide release. Heat release can also be used since excess heat is released through skin. When activity changes, so does the metabolic rate of the body's cells which changes the oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and heat release. Much research has been done to correlate them with human activity. In this lab you will use the averages for people by gender, age and activity shift to explore how your approximate energy use will shift during various activities. In this case heat loss will be the method of measurement. Note that average metabolic rate is not the same for men and women of the same age. In fact, metabolic rate changes as the person ages. So the metabolic rate of an adolescent man is higher than that of an adult man. Introduction: Metabolic Rate Calculations using Heat as a Measuring Tool 1 . The surface area of the body is directly related to heat loss. This area varies with the height and weight of the individual. The relation between these two factors and the body surface is shown in the chart. To determine the approximate surface area of your body, draw a line connecting your height on the scale at the left with your weight on the scale at the right. Read the point where this line crosses the middle scale to determine your surface area in square meters. (1m2 = 10.8ft2) Record. 2. In health, the heat lost from the body equals the heat produced in excess of that required to maintain normal body temperature. One of the factors controlling this heat loss is the age of the individual. Table A gives the average rate of heat loss by both males and females in terms of Calories per minute per square meter of the body surface. No satisfactory reason has been established for this difference between the two sexes. Knowing your body surface area, and using the correct value in Table A, you can compute your total loss in terms of Calories Per minute. Record the value obtained. The theoretical standard metabolic rate you have calculated may not correspond to your actual basal metabolic rate when determined by more accurate methods. Explain why this is so. Put your responses to these questions on your answer sheet. 3. Rate of metabolism varies with type of activity. Table B lists activities and the percent increase over the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) that each produces. BMR is measured when a person is completely at rest, but not sleeping. It is the base number from which your body departs when activity changes. These data are based (for men) on an individual 1.7 meters (5 feet, 8 inches) tall, weighing 68 kilograms (150 pounds), with a surface area of 1.8 square meters. His BMR is 1. 17 Calories per minute. The data for women are calculated for a person who is 1.6 meters tall, weighs 60 kilograms and has a surface area of 1.65 square meters. Her BMR is 0.98 Calories per minute. 4. Assuming that the rate of increase of your metabolism is proportional to those shown in Table B, use the BMR you calculated as your standard rate to find the number of Calories expended per minute. Choose any three of the activities listed in the chart for you gender. Record your findings in your notebook. Show all of your calculations. After completing this investigation, you will use another technique for measuring human metabolic rates. 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